find it necessary to require, additionally, the course on women’s rights requested by the representatives. C.3.2. Institutional strengthening for the investigation of cases of violence against women 249. The Commission requested that the State adopt and/or, as appropriate, adapt protocols for the investigations and expert services used in all crimes related to the disappearance, sexual violence or murder of women in accordance with international standards on such matters and with a gender perspective. It also asked that the State reinforce the institutional capacity to combat impunity in cases of violence against women, through effective criminal investigations conducted with a gender perspective and with constant judicial control, thereby ensuring proper punishment and redress. 250. The representatives indicated that the Guatemalan system of justice continued to suffer from serious structural problems that prevented the effective investigation of acts of violence against women. Accordingly, they asked the Court to require the State to carry out a strategic reinforcement of the public entities that participate in the investigation and prosecution of cases of violence against women, including the Public Prosecution Service and the Guatemalan National Institute of Forensic Science (INACIF), among other agencies. This reinforcement should also include education and training for the authorities responsible for the judicial proceedings in cases of violence against women that included a strategy to investigate patterns of violence of this type and raised awareness of the appropriate treatment of the victims of this type of incident and their families, as well as ensuring them adequate access to justice. This should also include strengthening the existing institutional and legal framework to combat femicide in Guatemala by standardizing protocols, investigation guidelines and methods, and forensic actions, as well as in the administration of justice in cases relating to the disappearance and murder of women or other types of violence against women, in light of applicable international standards. According to the representatives, the existing training and awareness-raising programs for government agents, particularly in the legal sector and law enforcement, should be strengthened. They also indicated that training courses on combating gender-based violence and on a gender-sensitive approach in law enforcement should be included in the training of all the agents of the National Civil Police and national defense forces. The training should include raising awareness of applicable laws, such as the Law against Femicide and the Law against Sexual Violence. They indicated that a gender-sensitive approach should be incorporated into the code of conduct for all prosecutors and other agents of justice involved in the investigation stage. Statistics on the number of trained officials in each department should be made public and complaints on misconduct by the police and other Government officials should be investigated in a complete, impartial and transparent manner. 251. The State indicated that programs aimed at strengthening the institutional capacity to combat impunity in cases of violence against women had been implemented in different institutions that participated in the investigation, prosecution and punishment of such crimes. It also emphasized that the Commission had not defined the precise aspects that it considered had not been reinforced. It indicated that it had complied with the adaptation and adjustment of protocols for the investigations and expert services used in all crimes related to the disappearance, sexual violence or murder of women, in accordance with relevant international standards, based on a gender perspective. It also affirmed that “domestic legislation includes criminal laws for the punishment of any perpetration of criminal acts, […] and there are specific laws aimed at dealing with situations of violence to which a woman could be exposed.” In particular, the State referred to the following measures and institutions that it considered had been strengthened: (a) the Ministry of the Interior, which had created the Special Task Force against Femicide; (b) the Attorney General’s Office (PGN), which coordinated the early warning system under the Alba-Keneth Law and has a Unit for the Protection of the Rights of Women, 81