39 themselves there.129 In June 2003, the IACHR conducted a 10-day working visit to Colombia during which it visited Comuna 13, took testimony from members of the community about selective killings, forced disappearances and other acts of violence and intimidation allegedly committed by paramilitary groups despite the presence of the security forces.130 The IACHR Rapporteur for Colombia acknowledged the efforts being made by the security forces to restore the State’s authority in a comuna whose inhabitants had for years been gravely affected by the criminal activities of groups like the FARC, the ELN and others.131 He did, however, convey his concern over the fact that the paramilitary were becoming an entrenched presence and continued to commit serious crimes in Comuna 13. He urged the authorities to dismantle the paramilitary structures operating in the area, to establish the State as the sole authority and to put an end to the climate of fear and insecurity that was obstructing the judicial authorities’ investigation of the serious human rights violations that occurred.132 Concerns were also expressed over the course of the judicial processes against the persons detained by the security forces, in the operations practiced by the public forces, with the intervention of the CTI and the Prosecutor’s Office.133 153. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Colombia corroborated the fact that the paramilitary were becoming entrenched in Comuna 13, whose population had become the victims of abuse and human rights violations.134 It stressed the fact that the vast majority of these abuses had never been punished, and public officials were not held criminally liable for their ties to “paramilitary groups and actions.” It also observed that this was one of the most questionable aspects about the commitment to oppose these ties.135 154. The IACHR has closely followed developments in Comuna 13. In 2004 it reported that despite a certain decline in the number of incidents of political violence – a general trend since 2003— paramilitary domination persisted136 in certain comunas of Medellín, along with acts of violence, harassment, and intimidation against those who did not express support for the agenda of these 129 IACHR, Request for Provisional Measures submitted to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the Matter of Mery Naranjo et al. regarding the Republic of Colombia, July 3, 2006, paragraph 15. Provisional Measures File; Audio, IACHR, Thematic Hearing, “Human Rights Situation in the Region of Antioquia and in Comuna 13 of Medellín, Colombia,” October 16, th 2012, 116 period of sessions. 130 IACHR, Press Release No. 15/03, IACHR Rapporteur Concludes Working Visit to the Republic of Colombia, June 27, 131 IACHR, Press Release No. 15/03, IACHR Rapporteur Concludes Working Visit to the Republic of Colombia, June 27, 2003. 2003. 132 IACHR, Press Release No. 15/03, IACHR Rapporteur Concludes Working Visit to the Republic of Colombia, June 27, 2003; IACHR, Annual Report 2004, Chapter IV, Colombia, paragraph 31. 133 IACHR, Press Release No. 15/03, IACHR Rapporteur Concludes Working Visit to the Republic of Colombia, June 27, 2003. 134 United Nations, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Colombia, Annual Report 2002, E/CN.4/2003/13, February 24, 2003, paragraph 37; Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Colombia, Annual Report 2003, E/CN.4/2004/13, February 17, 2004, paragraphs 3 and 24, available at: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/109/93/PDF/G0410993.pdf?OpenElement . 135 United Nations, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Colombia, Annual Report 2002, February 24, 2003, paragraph 77. 136 paragraph 82. IACHR, Report on the Demobilization Process in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.120 Doc. 60, December 13, 2004,