97. On February 6, 2001, Ms. González initiated the first stage to prepare for IVF, and was issued with two prescriptions for the medicines known as Puregon and Lupron, 150 so as to be able to undergo IVF in Panama. On March 3, 5, 9 and 12, 2001, Ms. Gonzalez started the ovulation induction cycle, one of the required prior steps, in order to subsequently travel to Panama for the IVF. 151 98. Mr. Rojas and Ms. Gonzalez were in Panama from March 13 to 20, 2001, in order to undergo the IVF procedure. 152 The IVF procedure was performed with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to the severe male factor. 153 After this procedure they were prescribed several medicines. 154 99. Upon returning from Panama Ms. Gonzalez again underwent hormone tests, which determined that there was no pregnancy. 155 100. On January 23, 2002, Ms. Gonzalez and Mr. Rojas began a direct adoption procedure, 156 which was authorized. 157 F.4) Víktor Sanabria León and Claudia Carro Maklouf 101. Claudia Carro Maklouf and Viktor Sanabria were married on April 16, 1999. Ms. Carro had three children from her first marriage, while Mr. Sanabria had no children from his first marriage. 158 Before their marriage, the couple had both been to the doctor and, on September 21, 1998, Mr. Sanabria was diagnosed with “hypomotility sperm” and “elevated seminal viscosity,” 159 associated with male infertility, a pathology that, if not corrected, would result in a low probability of obtaining a natural pregnancy. 160 102. Meanwhile, Ms. Carro, following a series of medical tests that included a hysterosalpingogram, was diagnosed with tubal damage; hence it was recommended that 150 Cf. Medical records of Julieta González Rojas at the Costa Rican Social Security Institute’s Hospital Mexico (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4263 and 4264). 151 Cf. Medical records of Julieta González, medical examinations and ultrasounds of March 3, 5, 9 and 12, 2001 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4270 to 4281). 152 Cf. Receipts from Hotel Roma for March 13 to 16, 2001 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4283 to 4285). 153 Cf. Certification by the treating physician that “[Julieta González] underwent ICSI in Panama, where she had to stay for three more days before returning to the country.” Certification of June 8, 2001 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folio 4300). 154 Cf. Prescriptions issued by the treating physician (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4286, 4289 and 4290); prescriptions issued by Clínica Hospital San Fernando (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4288 and 4290), and receipts from several pharmacies, March 2001 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4287 and 4293). 155 Cf. Medical records of Julieta González, medical examination of March 30, 2001 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folio 4299). 156 Cf. Adoption file of Oriéster Rojas and Julieta González, Notification of start of the adoption procedure (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4302). 157 Cf. Judgment No. 318, File No. 02-000029-0673-FA-3 authorizing the adoption (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folios 4498 to 4501). 158 Cf. Affidavit of Claudia María Carro Maklouf, “Life story.” 159 Cf. Medical certification from Dr. Gerardo Escalante López dated August 12, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folio 4700). 160 Cf. Medical certification from Dr. Gerardo Escalante López dated November 14, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume II, folio 4702).