permitted in Costa Rica, the protection of the embryo sought by banning IVF has a very
limited and moderate scope.
D.4) Conclusion regarding the assessment of the severity of the interference in
relation to the impact on the intended purpose
314. A weighing up of the severity of the limitation of the rights involved in this case as
compared to the importance of the protection of the embryo allows it to be affirmed that
the effects on the rights to personal integrity, personal liberty, private life, intimacy,
reproductive autonomy, access to reproductive health services, and to found a family is
severe and entails a violation of these rights because, in practice, they are annulled for
those persons whose only possible treatment for infertility is IVF. In addition, the
interference had a differentiated impact on the victims owing to their situation of disability,
gender stereotypes and, for some of the victims, to their financial situation.
315. In contrast, the impact on the protection of prenatal life is very slight, because the
risk of embryonic loss is present both in IVF and in natural pregnancy. The Court underlines
that the embryo, prior to implantation, is not covered by the terms of Article 4 of the
Convention, and recalls the principle of the gradual and incremental protection of prenatal
life (supra para. 264).
316. Therefore, the Court concludes that the Constitutional Chamber based itself on an
absolute protection of the embryo that, by failing to weigh up or take into account the other
competing rights, involved an arbitrary and excessive interference in private and family life
that makes this interference disproportionate. Moreover, the interference had discriminatory
effects. In addition, taking into account these conclusions about the assessment and the
considerations concerning Article 4(1) of the Convention (supra para. 264), the Court does
not consider it pertinent to rule on the State’s argument that it has a margin of appreciation
to establish prohibitions such as the one established by the Constitutional Chamber.
E)
Final conclusion of the merits of the case
317. Based on all the considerations in this chapter, the Court declares the violation of
Articles 5(1), 7, 11(2) and 17(2), in relation to Article 1(1) of the American Convention, to
the detriment of Gretel Artavia Murillo, Miguel Mejías Carballo, Andrea Bianchi Bruno,
German Alberto Moreno Valencia, Ana Cristina Castillo León, Enrique Acuña Cartín, Ileana
Henchoz Bolaños, Miguel Antonio Yamuni Zeledón, Claudia María Carro Maklouf, Víctor Hugo
Sanabria León, Karen Espinoza Vindas, Héctor Jiménez Acuña, Maria del Socorro Calderón
P., Joaquina Arroyo Fonseca, Geovanni Antonio Vega, Carlos E. Vargas Solórzano, Julieta
González Ledezma and Oriester Rojas Carranza.
VIII
REPARATIONS
(Application of Article 63(1) of the American Convention)
318. Based on the provisions of Article 63(1) of the American Convention, 486 the Court
has indicated that every violation of an international obligation which causes damage entails
486
Article 63(1) of the American Convention establishes that “[i]f the Court finds that there has been a
violation of a right or freedom protected by this Convention, the Court shall rule that the injured party be ensured
the enjoyment of his right or freedom that was violated. It shall also rule, if appropriate, that the consequences of
the measure or situation that constituted the breach of such right or freedom be remedied and that fair
compensation be paid to the injured party.”