violation of the rights to life and to personal integrity, recognized in Articles 4 and 5 of the Convention. B.2. Alleged responsibility of the State in the paramilitary incursions in the Cacarica river basin and, consequently, in the incursion that resulted in an alleged violation of the rights to life and to personal integrity of Marino López, which had presumably led to the forced displacement of members of the Cacarica communities, in alleged violation of the rights to personal integrity and not to be displaced 241. The undisputed facts are that: (a) Operation Genesis commenced on February 24, 1997, and during its execution at least seven of the eight objectives included in Operations Order 004 were attacked (supra para. 101); (b) paramilitaries of the “Chocó Group” were in Bijao and killed Marino López on February 27, 1997 (supra para. 108); (c) the paramilitaries ordered the inhabitants of Cacarica to abandon their possessions and to displace (supra para. 102); (d) over the period of time that coincides in part with the implementation of Operation Genesis, numerous inhabitants of the Cacarica river basin had to move to Turbo, Bocas de Atrato and Panama (supra para. 111), and (e) the commander of the 17th Brigade that participated in the events was convicted in first instance as having command responsibility for the murder of Marino López (supra para. 179). 242. Regarding the planning and implementation of the so-called “Operation Cacarica,” as well as the presumed responsibility of the State for the death of Marino López, the Court reiterates that there were two versions of what happened, revealed by both the evidence in the case file and the arguments of the parties and of the Commission (supra paras. 103 to 106). 243. On the one hand, the version presented by the representatives and the Commission indicates that, simultaneously and in coordination with Operation Genesis, the ACCU paramilitary groups, executing the so-called “Operation Cacarica,” advanced from north to south from the Los Katios National Park along the Cacarica River, passing through Bijao and other communities located on the banks of this river, to finally arrived on the banks of the Salaquí and Truandó Rivers, where they allegedly executed joint operations with the Army. Similarly, some of the evidence in the case file would appear to indicate that the execution of Operation Genesis was simultaneous and coordinated with the actions of the paramilitaries (supra para. 104). 244. On the other hand, the State’s version maintains that not only the Armed Forces did not bomb the Cacarica River basin, but neither were they present in this geographical area, and that the FARC guerrilla was responsible for the forced displacement that took place at that time. According to this version, there was neither collaboration, support nor coordination with the paramilitary groups and the attacks conducted by the Colombian Armed Forces were only directed against the seven aforementioned objectives (supra para. 106). 245. The evidence that supports the first version of the events is as follows: (a) testimonial evidence of inhabitants of the area; 475 (b) voluntary confessions of paramilitaries demobilized under the special Justice and Peace procedure;476 (c) statements of some members or former members of the Armed Forces;477 (d) investigations, reports and conclusions of the Prosecutor 475 Cf. Affidavits prepared by Jhon Jairo Mena, Eleodro Sanchez Mosquera, Marco Fidel Velásquez and Ernestina Valencia Teheran on January 21, 2013 (evidence file, folios 14982, 14983, 15011, 15012, 14949, 14950, 15021 to 150274 ); and Testimony of M.A.C.M. before the Prosecutor General’s Office, National Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Unit, on December 11, 2002 (evidence file, folio 632). 476 Cf. Statements made by William Soto Salcedo and Alberto García Sevilla, Collective voluntary confessions of the candidates of the Elmer Cárdenas Bloc concerning Operation Genesis – Cacarica before the 48th Delegate Prosecutor, Justice and Peace Unit, Medellín, April 29, 2010 (evidence file, folio 19177 to 19179, 19188 and 19189). 477 Cf. Statements made by Colonel C.A.V.R. before the Prosecutor General’s Office, National Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Unit, on May 8, 1998, and before the Prosecutor delegated to the Supreme Court of 85

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