99. Regarding the background to Operation Genesis, the State has explained that it was a mechanism to combat and neutralize the FARC 57th Front, which had committed a series of crimes at the start of 1997; in particular, the attack on the inhabitants of Riosucio on January 9,149 the kidnapping of 10 marines on January 16,150 the kidnapping of four foreigners on February 7,151 and the kidnapping of some children.152 C. “Operation Genesis” and “Operation Cacarica” Undisputed facts 100. As indicated, the counterinsurgency operation known as “Operation Genesis” was planned to take place between February 24 and 27, 1997.153 According to Operations Order No. 004 Genesis of the Military Forces of Colombia, the Army, 17th Brigade, its purpose was to attack the guerrilla in the general area of the Salaquí and the Truandó Rivers, in order to capture and/or neutralize the members of the José María Córdoba Bloc and the FARC 57th Front and to liberate the 10 kidnapped marines154 (supra para. 97). Based on this goal, eight objectives were established with their respective coordinates.155 The intelligence report attached to Operations Order No. 004 Genesis of the Military Forces of Colombia, the Army, 17th Brigade,156 indicates: file 2332 (evidence file, video recording 10:36 and 11:27); Testimony of Fredy Rendón during the trial of General Rito Alejo del Río for the murder of Marino López, of May 12, 2011, Bogota (evidence file, video recording 23:00 to 29:00 folio 8734), and Amnesty International, Colombia. Return to hope - forcibly displaced communities of Urabá and Medio Atrato region, June 2000 (evidence file, folio 1157). Affidavits dated January 21, 201, by: Jerónimo Pérez, Jhon Jairo Mena and Ángel Nelis Palacios (evidence file, folio 14923, 14982 and 14993); Prosecutor General’s Office, Justice and Peace Unit, Dossier on the Elmer Cárdenas Bloc. Genesis. Context immediately before it was planned (evidence file, folios 44478); Ombudsman’s Office, Complaint 9745030 of March 1, 1997, addressed to the Ombudsman by the Head of the Apartadó Regional Office (evidence file, folio 50735). 149 Cf. Testimony of Colonel Luis Emilio Cardozo Santamaría, expert witness proposed by the State, before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights during the public hearing on February 12, 2013, and “Intelligence report” cited in the affidavit dated January 31, 2013, prepared by María Paulina Leguizamón Zarate, expert witness proposed by the State (evidence file, folio 15432) 150 Cf. Colombian Military Forces, National Army, 17th Brigade: Operations Order No. 004 “Genesis,” February 1997, Reports of March 6 and March 20, 1997 (evidence file, folios 1406, 5528 and 5532). See also the testimony of Colonel Luis Emilio Cardozo Santamaría and Colonel Germán Castro, expert witness and witness proposed by the State, before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights during the public hearing on February 11 and 12, 2013. 151 Cf. Testimony of Colonel Luis Emilio Cardozo Santamaría, expert witness proposed by the State and Colonel Germán Castro, witness proposed by the State, before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights during the public hearing on February 11 and 12, 2013. 152 Cf. Testimony of Colonel Germán Castro, witness proposed by the State, before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights during the public hearing on February 11, 2013. 153 Cf. Colombian Military Forces, National Army, 17th Brigade, Report of March 6, 1997 (evidence file, folios 5529 and 5530). See also: Ombudsman’s Office. Decision No. 025 of the Ombudsman on the massive human rights violations and forced displacement in the Bajo Atrato region of Chocó, October 2002 (evidence file, folio 231); Testimony of Colonel Luis Emilio Cardozo Santamaría, expert witness proposed by the State, before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights during the public hearing on February 12, 2013. 154 Cf. Colombian Military Forces, National Army, 17th Brigade Operations Order No. 004 “Genesis,” and Report of March 6, 1997 (evidence file, folios 1406 and 5529), and testimony of Colonel Luis Emilio Cardozo Santamaría, expert witness proposed by the State, before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights during the public hearing on February 12, 2013. 155 Cf. Colombian Military Forces, National Army, 17th Brigade. Intelligence report attached to Operations Order No. 004 “Genesis,” and appendix on “Plan of objectives” (evidence file, folios 5515 and 5519) and Military Forces of Colombia, General Command, Head of Joint Military Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Military analysis of the terrain dated May 29, 2009, Annex (evidence file, folio 1267). 156 Cf. Colombian Military Forces, National Army, 17th Brigade. Intelligence report attached to Operations Order No. 004 “Genesis” of February 1997 (evidence file, folios 5514 to 5519). 37