72
obligation subsists until the circumstances of the death of Mr. Ibsen Cárdenas are judiciary
determined. This should also result in the investigation being aimed also at determining
the corresponding responsibilities, taking into account the specific context in which the
facts occurred. The Court has already referred to this extensively in this judgment (supra
para. 171). Given that no investigation has been carried out into what happened to Rainer
Ibsen Cárdenas based on the analysis of his remains, or those possibly responsible, the
Court finds that the State violated Article 8(1) of the American Convention.
*
*
*
226. Based on the above, the Court finds that the domestic criminal proceedings have
not constituted an effective remedy to guarantee: (a) access to justice, the investigation
and eventual punishment of those responsible for the facts related to the forced
disappearance of Messrs. Rainer Ibsen Cárdenas and José Luis Ibsen Peña within a
reasonable time; (b) the investigation of the latter’s whereabouts and the investigation of
what happened to Rainer Ibsen Cárdenas, and c) the integral reparation of the
consequences of these violations. Consequently, the Court concludes, based on the
foregoing and the extensive acquiescence of the State, that Bolivia is responsible for
violating the judicial guarantees and judicial protection embodied in Articles 8(1) and 25(1)
of the American Convention, in relation to Articles 1(1) and 2 thereof, to the detriment of
Martha Castro Mendoza and of Rebeca, Tito and Raquel, all bearing the last name Ibsen
Castro, as well as failure to comply with the obligation embodied in Article I(b) of the
Convention on Forced Disappearance.
VIII
RIGHT TO EQUAL PROTECTION (ARTICLE 24 OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION)
227. The representatives alleged that they had not received any support and advisory
assistance from the Bolivian Ombudsman and stressed that he had sponsored another case
before the Inter-American system. They also indicated that the Senate of the Republic had
granted a pension for life to the widows of the Mirista leaders who were murdered on
January 15, 1981. Lastly, they alleged that, in Trujillo Oroza v. Bolivia, the State “from the
outset” acknowledged its international responsibility, while in the instant case, it withdrew
from the friendly settlement procedure and continued opposing the processing of the case,
causing greater pain, anguish and desperation to the petitioner family.
228. The Court has already indicated that the presumed victim, his next of kin, or his
representatives can invoke rights other than those included in the Commission’s application
based on the facts submitted by the latter.260 Applying this jurisprudence to the specific
case, it can be observed that the facts referred to by the representatives relating to the
State’s withdrawal from the friendly settlement procedure and to the supposed pension for
life for the widows of the Mirista leaders do not form part of the factual basis of the
application. Consequently, the Court will not examine them or rule on them.
229. Nevertheless, regarding the argument concerning the lack of support and advice
from the Ombudsman, the Court observes that, in the application, the Commission
indicated in general that, on December 20, 2002 “Mr. Tito Ibsen Castro addressed the
260
Cf. Case of the “Five Pensioners” v. Peru, supra note 164, Case of Chitay Nech et al. v. Guatemala,
supra note 6, para. 33, and Case of Manuel Cepeda Vargas v. Colombia, supra note 6, para. 49.
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