Vargas was diagnosed with varicocele, which called for various tests based on which it was determined that the only option that the couple had to conceive would be by IVF. 193 118. Following the judgment of the Constitutional Chamber of March 15, 2000, the doctor explained the need to use medication and to travel abroad to carry out the second phase of IVF. 194 The couple decided to adopt a child, but they were not awarded custody of a child. 195 F.8) Enrique Acuña Cartín and Ana Cristina Castillo León 119. Enrique Acuña Cartín and Ana Cristina Castillo León were married on September 27, 1988. 196 After four years of marriage they started to seek a pregnancy. While undergoing tests, Mr. Acuña was diagnosed with varicocele in 1997, and it was found that the low spermatozoid count would make natural conception impossible; it was therefore suggested that they resort to IVF. 197 120. Meanwhile, Ms. Castillo went to several doctors and she was diagnosed with endometriosis and retroverted uterus. It was also determined that Ms. Castillo suffered from “third degree prolapse of the uterus” and endometriosis in the Fallopian tubes. She therefore underwent surgery to correct the “prolapse” and inspect her Fallopian tubes. She also underwent hormone treatment to suspend her menstrual period for over a year. 198 121. Subsequently, the couple underwent 11 artificial inseminations. 199 In March 2000, Ms. Castillo was following a medical protocol to control the problems diagnosed and awaiting the result of the latest insemination and, if the results were not positive, the next step would be to undergo the first IVF. 200 122. Finally, Mr. Acuña and Ms. Castillo were divorced on March 21, 2007. 201 F.9) Andrea Bianchi Bruna y Germán Moreno Valencia 193 He underwent a varicocelectomy, which improved the condition of his spermazoids by 60%, but without achieving normal parameters. Owing to both the irreversible tubal factor in the patient, and her spouse’s male factor, the only option for this couple to conceive would be by in vitro fertilization. Cf. Attestation of the treating physician dated November 16, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume IV, folio 5614). 194 Cf. Medical certification of Dr. Ribas of November 16, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume IV, folio 5613). 195 Cf. Affidavit of María Del Socorro Calderón Porras of December 11, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume IV, folio 5618) 196 Cf. Marriage certification from the Civil Registry dated December 6, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume IV, folio 5678). 197 Cf. Affidavit of Enrique Francisco Acuna Cartín of December 7, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume IV, folio 5671) ), and attestation of the treating physician of October 27, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume I, folio 4080). 198 Cf. Testimony of Ana Cristina Castillo León (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume I, folio 4102). 199 Cf. Affidavit of Enrique Francisco Acuna Cartín of December 7, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume IV, folio 5673). 200 Cf. Testimony of Ana Cristina Castillo León (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume I, folio 4103). 201 Cf. Divorce certificate from the Civil Registry dated March 21, 2007 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, volume I, folio 4079).