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personality within the elements of definition of the complex crime of this practice102, it shall
be noted that in application of the principle of effective application and of the needs of
protection in cases of persons and groups in situations of vulnerability; this Tribunal,
according to the evolution of the international corpus juris regarding this matter,103 has
interpreted in an ample manner Article II of ICFDP, that has permitted the conclusion that
the negative consequence of the denial to acknowledge the deprivation of liberty or the
whereabouts of the person is, altogether with the other elements of the disappearance, “the
subtraction from the protection of the law,”104 or likewise, the violation of the personal and
legal security of the individual, that directly impedes the acknowledgement of juridical
personality.
100. Furthermore, such consequence is evident when, from the modus operandi of this
practice, deliberate intention follows, not only to leave the individual outside the exercise of
the applicable legal remedies and procedural guarantees, but also from other rights,
whether Civil or Political, as well as his or her extraction from their community and family
group, as it is configured in the present case. (infra para. 121).
101. Therefore, the State should respect and guarantee the means and legal conditions
for the right to juridical personality to be exercised freely and fully by those that are entitled
to it.105 Said acknowledgement determines its effective existence before the society and the
State, that allows him or her to be entitled to rights and obligations, to exercise them, and
to have legal capacity to act, which constitutes a right inherent to the human being that
cannot be derogated by the State according to the American Convention.106
102. Consequently, the Court reiterates that in the cases of forced disappearance of
persons the victim is left in a situation of legal indetermination that makes impossible,
hinders, or nullifies the possibility of the person to be entitled to or to exercise in an
effective way his or her rights in general, which constitute one of the gravest forms of
breaching the State obligations to respect and guarantee human rights.107 This turns into a
violation to the right to recognition as a person before the law of Florencio Chitay Nech.
103. In light of the aforementioned, the Court finds that the State is responsible for the
forced disappearance of Florencio Chitay Nech and violated the rights enshrined in Articles
7(1) (Right to Personal Liberty), 5(1) and 5(2) (Right to Humane Treatment [Personal
Integrity]), 4(1) (Right to Life), and 3 (Right to Juridical Personality) of the American
Convention, in relation with Article 1(1) (Obligation to Respect Rights), to his detriment.
102
Cf. Case Bámaca Velásquez V. Guatemala. Merits, supra note 50, para. 180, and Case Ticona Estrada et.
al. V. Bolivia, supra note 84, para. 69.
103
Cf. Case Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community V. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of
29 of March of 2006. Series C No. 146, para: 189; Case of Saramaka People V. Suriname. Preliminary Exceptions,
Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of 28 of November of 2007. Series C No. 172, para. 166, and Case
Anzualdo Castro V. Perú, supra note 86, para. 89.
104
Case Anzualdo Castro V. Perú, supra note 86, para. 96.
105
Cf. Case Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community V. Paraguay, supra note 103, para. 189; Case of
Saramaka People V. Paraguay, supra note 103, para. 166, and Case Anzualdo Castro V. Perú, supra note 86, para.
88.
106
107
Cf. Article 27 (Suspension of Guarantees) of the American Convention.
Cf. Case Anzualdo Castro V. Perú, supra note 86, para. 101, and Case Radilla Pacheco V. México, supra
note 12, para. 157.