6
that there is no record in the case documentation of whether other remedies, such as
the remedy of reconsideration, were admissible before the same court.
But, in addition to the foregoing, it should be considered that the said inexistence of
the remedy of appeal, which was the grounds for what was decided in the Judgment in
this regard, was not asserted or alleged in the initial petition lodged before the
Commission, or even subsequently in the instant case. Thus neither the Commission
nor the petitioner indicated during the proceedings what was decided in the Judgment
and transcribed above.
It should also be emphasized that the Judgment’s ruling on the preliminary objection
concerning the prior exhaustion of domestic remedies was not made with regard to the
State’s final decision, which therefore could not be amended or changed and which,
consequently, could give rise to international responsibility, but rather with regard to a
prior decision that was not final – the said interlocutory decision. Hence, the
preliminary objection was rejected based on a decision of the State that, by its very
nature, did not have the effects of res judicata and did not refer to the merits of the
matter examined in the corresponding proceeding.
The foregoing reveals that the Judgment deviates considerably from the meaning of
the above-mentioned rule and, consequently, from the essential requirements or
conditions for the petition in this case to be admitted by either the Commission or the
Court.
Indeed, to the contrary, it would seem that in order to decide as it did in the
Judgment, the Court tacitly turns to the exception to the rule of the prior exhaustion of
domestic remedies established in Article 46(2)(a) of the Convention: that is, the
inexistence in the domestic legislation of the State of due process of law for the
protection of the rights that had allegedly been violated or that the said remedies were
not available or were not adequate, suitable, useful, effective and valid.
However, if the contents of the Judgment could be interpreted in this way, it would be
necessary to consider, first, that it was for the petitioner, rather than the Court, to
assert this exception. This is even established in the Commission’s Rules of Procedure
and, consequently, represents how the Commission interprets the corresponding
provisions of the Convention.17
Therefore, it could be affirmed that, by rejecting the preliminary objection of prior
exhaustion of domestic remedies, the Judgment is inconsistent with the general
principle of public law that it is only possible to do what the norm establishes, because
it is evident that there is no norm that confers on the Court – nor has this been
established in its Rules of Procedure, as, to the contrary, occurs in the case of the
Commission – the authority to request that what has been required of it be amended
and, above all, to make the amendment itself.
17
Article 28(8) of the Commission’s Rules of Procedure: “Requirements for the Consideration of
Petition”… “Petitions addressed to the Commission shall contain the following information: … Any steps
taken to exhaust domestic remedies, or the impossibility of doing so as provided in Article 31 of these Rules
of Procedure;”
Art. 29(3) of these Rules: “Initial Processing”. …“If the petition does not meet the requirements of these
Rules of Procedure, the Commission may request that the petitioner or his or her representative complete
them in accordance with Article 26.2 of these Rules..”