13 business associations, and women’s organizations.” This section examines the labor conflict in the mining sector, in the context of political violence. The CVR states that the National Federation of Mining, Iron and Steel Workers of Peru (FNTMMSP) was created in 1984; it united around 200 unions that assembled more than 65,000 mineworkers. Within this Federation, and especially since 1985, union leaders with different perspectives sought “to consolidate their positions within the mining union.” The CVR places the “first murders” of mining leaders by the PCP-SL in the context of this jockeying for position among the trade union leaders. In this chapter, the CVR includes a section on 19 “deaths or disappearances of leaders and workers” between 1980 and 1989, which it compiled on the basis of complaints submitted to the International Labour Organization (ILO). Some of these deaths can be attributed to the PCP-SL, others to State agents and others cannot be attributed to any specific author.18 55. The CVR Final Report examines the context of murders and extrajudicial executions against mining union leaders in the section entitled “mineworkers unions,” which is part of a chapter entitled “case studies of violence.” In this section, the CVR includes a “chronology of political violence in the mining centers of the central highlands of Peru,” where it states that, during 1988 and 1989, the murder of four mining trade union leaders was attributed to PCP-SL and one to a “paramilitary group.”19 56. The CVR Report also indicates that “in the mid-1980s, the MRTA tried to carry out political activities in some trade unions” and “from 1986 to 1989, the PCP-SL tried “to radicalize its struggles, seeking to increase its influence with the leadership of the trade unions, intensifying its actions against the installations, and attacking and murdering union leaders.” Also, since 1986, “[t]he workers began to receive pressure from both the “Senderistas” and the army,” which “increased their patrols in all the mining camps.”20 57. In its Report No. 278, the ILO Committee on Freedom of Association examined a communication presented by the FNTMMSP, which shows that Consuelo García-Santa Cruz and Saúl Cantoral-Huamaní were the seventh and eighth mining activists murdered between May 1, 1988, and February 13, 1989.21 58. Regarding the labor conflict in the mining sector, it is worth noting that the FNTMMSP held its First National Unified Congress in 1987. At the time, it discussed a national list of mining demands that, subsequently, on May 18, 1988, was submitted to the State and the mine owners.22 Given that the mine owners rejected this list, a first national mining strike was called between July 17 and August 17, 1988. This strike was suspended following the adoption of a decree recognizing the right of the Federation’s workers to collective negotiation by sector of activity, and a resolution that appointed a Commission to negotiate the national list of mining demands. The mine owners reacted by filing judicial recourses against the decree and the said resolution. A second mining strike was initiated on October 18 Cf. Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, supra para. 48, Volume III, Chapter 3(2). “Trade unions, business associations, and women’s organizations,” pp. 335, 343,360-362. 19 Cf. Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, supra para. 48, Volume V, Chapter 2(6). “The mineworkers’ unions,” pp. 219 and 220. 20 Cf. Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, supra para. 48, Volume V, Chapter 2(6). “The mineworkers’ unions,” pp. 204 and 216. 21 Cf. Report No. 278 of the Committee on Freedom of Association of the International Labour Organization with regard to Peru, supra para. 48, para. 226 22 Cf. Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, supra para. 48, Volume III, Chapter 3(2). “Trade unions, business associations, and women’s organizations,” p. 344, note from the Shougang Hierro Perú S.A.A Mineworkers Union (file of preliminary objection, merits, and possible reparations and costs, appendix 4 of the final written arguments presented by the State, pages 937 and 938).