130. Finally, the Court observes that, in June 1994, the IBR asked the INDI to rule
on the expropriation request filed by the Community, because it considered that the
administrative channel had been exhausted. However, the case file does not record
whether the INDI responded to this request. To the contrary, the measures taken by
the latter reveal that it sought to continue under the administrative channel, a fact that
was confirmed by the INDI President at the time, who stated that “[t]his President’s
actions focused on trying once more […] to conclude this administrative case by
negotiation.”154
131. Based on the foregoing, the Court considers that the action filed by the
Community to claim its lands was not conducted with due diligence. Consequently, the
Court concludes that the actions of the State authorities have not been compatible with
the standards of diligence established in Articles 8(1) and 25(1) of the American
Convention.
2.2.2. Principle of reasonable time in the administrative action
132. Both the Commission and the representatives argued that the duration of the
land claim action violated the principle of reasonable time. The State did not refer to
this argument.
133. Article 8(1) of the Convention establishes that one of the elements of due
process is that actions to determine the rights of individuals under the civil, labor,
criminal or any other jurisdiction must be conducted within a reasonable time. The
Court has considered four elements in order to determine whether the time is
reasonable: (i) the complexity of the matter, (ii) the conduct of the authorities, (iii) the
procedural activity of the interested party,155 and (iv) the effects on the legal situation
on the person concerned.156
134. Regarding the first element, the Court recognizes, as it has done on previous
occasions in relation to this remedy,157 that the matter in this case is complex.
However, it notes that the delays in the administrative proceedings were not due to
the complexity of the case, but rather to the deficient and delayed actions of the State
authorities (second element). As stated previously, the activities of the State organs in
charge of deciding the Community’s land claim were characterized during the whole
addressed to the INDERT, file of appendices to the application, appendix 5, folio 2377, and request by the
representatives on August 23, 2006, file of appendices to the application, attachment 5, folios 2379 and
2380).
153
In 2006, the representatives of the Community had to request the reconstitution of the
administrative file because it been “mislaid twice” in the INDERT (Cf. Request of the representatives of the
Community of July 6, 2006, supra note 152, folio 2377, and testimony of Clemente Dermott, supra note 63,
folio 645). In her testimony, the current President of the INDI indicated that, in 2008, “many documents
were lost, [so that] even today, the case file of the Xakmok Kasek people was being reconstituted,” because
the INDI had been occupied by indigenous groups (Cf. Testimony of Lida Acuña, supra note 17).
154
Memorandum of the INDI President of August 21, 1995, supra note 119, folio 859.
155
Cf. Case of Genie Lacayo v. Nicaragua. Merits, reparations and costs. Judgment of January 29,
1997. Series C No. 30, para. 77; Case of Garibaldi v. Brazil. Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and
costs. Judgment of September 23, 2009, para. 133, and Case of Radilla Pacheco v. Mexico, supra note 12,
para. 244.
156
Cf. Case of Valle Jaramillo et al. v. Colombia. Merits, reparations and costs. Judgment of November
27, 2008. Series C No. 192, para. 155; Case of Garibaldi v. Brazil, supra note 155, para. 133, and Case of
Radilla Pacheco v. Mexico, supra note 12, para. 244.
157
Cf. Case of the Yakye Axa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay, supra note 5, para. 87.
32